Hubungan Kejadian Pneumonia Neonatus dengan Beberapa Faktor Risiko di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 2010-2012
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v5i3.585Abstract
AbstrakPneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas utama pada neonatus. Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR), kelahiran preterm, ketuban pecah dini (KPD), dan demam intrapartum merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian pneumonia neonatus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara faktor risiko tersebut dengan kejadian pneumonia neonatus di RSUP M. Djamil. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dengan mengumpulkan data rekam medis pneumonia neonatus di RSUP M. Djamil Padang periode 2010 – 2012. Kontrol diambil data neonatus yang dirawat dengan diagnosis selain pneumonia pada periode yang sama. Neonatus dengan diagnosis sindrom gawat nafas, sepsis, meningitis, asfiksia, dan aspirasi telah dieksklusi terlebih dahulu. Sejumlah 49 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria terdapat temuan; KPD sebanyak 22,4%, demam intrapartum 20,4%, BBLR 18,4%, dan kelahiran preterm 10,2%. Sebanyak 24 sampel tidak memiliki faktor risiko. Analisis bivariat chi-square menunjukkan bahwa BBLR (p=0,46), kelahiran preterm (p=0,372), KPD (p=0,616), dan demam intrapartum (p=0,083) tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian pneumonia neonatus di RSUP M. Djamil periode 2010-2012.
Kata kunci: pneumonia neonatus, BBLR, kelahiran preterm, KPD, demam intrapartum.
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Abstract
Pneumonia is one of leading mortality causes among neonates. Low Birth Weight (LBW), preterm birth, Premature Rupture Of Membranes (PROM) and intrapartum maternal fever are known as risk factors that might contribute to neonatal pneumonia occurence. The objective of this study was to determine relationship the risk factors to  neonatal pneumonia in M. Djamil hospital. This analytic research with cross-sectional design compiled neonatal pneumonia data from 2010-2012 medical record M. Djamil hospital. Controls were taken from neonates hospitalized in M. Djamil within the same period. Neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, meningitis, asphyxia, and aspiration were excluded. The 49 subjects that meet research criteria, PROM were found in 22,4% of neonates,intrapartum fever 20,4%, LBW 18,4%, and preterm birth 10,2%. Twenty four of them do not have any of those risk factors. Bivariate analysis with chi-square shows that none of those risk factors are significantly related to neonatal pneumonia in M. Djamil hospital period 2010-2012 (LBW p=0,46; preterm birth p=0,372; PROM p=0,616; intrapartum fever p=0,083).
Keywords: neonatal pneumonia, LBW, preterm birth, PROM, intrapartum fever
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