Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan Sumber Antioksidan dan Omega-3 Terhadap Tekanan Darah Masyarakat di Sumatera Barat

Abstract

Abstrak

             Pengaturan tekanan darah melibatkan banyak sistem seperti endotelium melalui aktifitas nitrit oksida. Produksi dan aktivitas nitrit oksida dapat dipengaruhi oleh pola makan, terutama asupan makanan sumber antioksidan dan omega-3. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara makanan sumber antioksidan dan omega-3 terhadap tekanan darah masyarakat di Sumatera barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan data sekunder yang berasal dari penelitian Lipoeto et al (2008) yaitu “Faktor Determinan Hipertensi di Sumatera Barat”. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 400 orang yang diwawancarai menggunakan formulir Food Frequency Questioner (FFQ) dan pemeriksaan tekanan darah dengan sphygmomanometer air raksa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Maret sampai Mei 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata konsumsi sayur dan buah masyarakat di Sumatera Barat lebih tinggi dari rerata Internasional, tapi lebih rendah dari rerata nasional dengan rerata 200.7 ± 128.11 gram/orang/hari, rerata konsumsi ikan masyarakat di Sumatera Barat lebih tinggi dari rerata nasional dan internasional yakni 101.26 ± 62.18 gram/orang/hari. Prevalensi hipertensi di Sumatera Barat mengalami kenaikan menjadi sebesar 41.76%. Tingkat konsumsi makanan sumber antioksidan dan omega-3 masyarakat Sumatera Barat lebih tinggi daripada rerata internasional. Terjadi peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi di Sumatera Barat. Kesimpulan hasil studi ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi makanan sumber antioksidan dan omega-3 terhadap tekanan darah.

Kata kunci: antioksidan, omega-3, tekanan darah

Abstract

             Blood pressure regulation involves many systems, one of the most important is endothelial system through nitric oxide activity. Nitric oxide is also known to be affected by diet, especially dietary intake of antioxidants and omega-3. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between consumption of food source of antioxidant and omega-3 on blood pressure to people in West Sumatra. This study used secondary data from research by Lipoeto et al (2008) in "Determinant Factors of Hypertension in West Sumatra". Subjects were 400 people who were interviewed using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) form and examination of blood pressure using mercury sphygmomanometer. This research was conducted from March to May 2014. The result showed that the average consumption of vegetables and fruits of West Sumatran people is higher than international average, but lower than national average with a mean of 200.7 ± 128.11 g / person / day, the average consumption of fish of West Sumatran people is higher than the national and international average ie, 101.26 ± 62.18 g / person / day. The prevalence of hypertension in West Sumatra was increased to 41.76%. This study obtained the level of consumption of food sources of antioxidants and omega-3 of West Sumatran people is higher than international average. There is prevalence increasing of hypertension in West Sumatra. The conclusion is no correlation between the consumption of food sources of antioxidants and omega-3 on blood pressure.

Keywords: antioxidant, omega-3, blood pressure