Hubungan Lama Aktivitas Membaca dengan Derajat Miopia pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter FK Unand Angkatan 2010
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v3i3.164Abstract
Abstrak
Miopia adalah salah satu kelainan refraksi pada mata dengan prevalensi yang tinggi di dunia. Berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan miopia seperti faktor keturunan dan lingkungan. Faktor lingkungan yang berperan kuat adalah kerja dekat seperti membaca. Lama membaca dapat meningkatkan risiko dan progresivitas miopia. Mahasiswa kedokteran berisiko mengalami miopia karena banyak melakukan aktivitas membaca yang lama dan intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat miopia. Metode studi menggunakan desain cross sectional analitik dengan 121 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner tentang riwayat miopia dan lama membaca. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square (x²) dengan kemaknaan (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kejadian miopia lebih banyak terjadi pada mahasiswa perempuan (78.5%). Miopia pertama kali paling banyak terjadi pada usia 13 tahun (19%). Pertambahan ukuran refraksi per tahun pada mahasiswa miopia rata-rata adalah 0.30 D. Sebagian mahasiswa miopia menghabiskan waktu untuk membaca lebih dari 10.7 jam/hari (52.9%), sebagian lagi kurang dari 10.7 jam/hari (47.1%). Mahasiswa miopia sebagian besar menderita miopia ringan. Analisis statistik hubungan lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat miopia didapatkan nilai p=0,15. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara lama aktivitas membaca dengan derajat myopia.
Kata kunci: lama membaca, derajat miopia
Abstract
Myopia is a refractive error of the eye with a high prevalence in the world. Various factors association with myopia such as heredity and environmental factor. The strongest role an environmental is near work such as reading. Reading time can increase risk and progression of myopia. Medical students have the risk of myopia because of long and intensive reading. This study aimed to determine relationship the duration of reading activities with the degree of myopia. This study used a cross sectional analytic design with 121 sample. Data were collected by questionnaires about history of myopia and long reading. The data were analyzed by chi-square test (x²) with significance (p<0.05). The results showed incidence of myopia is more in female students (78.5%). Most of myopia occurs first time at the age 13 years (19%). Average refractive power of myopia students increased 0.30 D annual. Some myopia students spending time to read are more than 10.7 hours/day (52.9%), some are less than 10.7 hours/day (47.1%). The most of myopia students suffered mild myopia. Statistical analysis the relationship duration of reading with degree of myopia p value= 0.15.This study showed no significant relationship between duration of reading activities with the degree of myopia.
Keywords: duration of reading, degree of myopia
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