Spondilitis Tuberkulosa Cervical

Abstract

Abstrak
Spondilitis tuberkulosa servikalis adalah penyakit yang cukup jarang dijumpai, hanya berkisar 2-3% dari
seluruh kasus spondilitis tuberkulosa. Gambaran klinis sangat bervariasi, mulai dari gejala ringan dan tidak spesifik
hingga komplikasi neurologis yang berat. Seorang wanita berusia 29 tahun datang dengan keluhan lemah keempat
anggota gerak yang semakin memberat dalam 10 hari terakhir yang didahului oleh nyeri leher yang menjalar ke bahu
dan lengan sejak 6 bulan sebelumnya. Nyeri awalnya dirasakan sebagai keterbatasan gerakan leher saat menoleh
kesamping kiri dan kanan serta menundukkan kepala. Nyeri dirasakan semakin berat dengan pergerakan dan
berkurang jika istirahat. Pasien mengalami penurunan berat badan sejak 2 bulan terakhir. Tidak dijumpai riwayat batuk
atau nyeri dada. Pemeriksaan neurologis menunjukkan kelemahan  pada keempat ekstremitas. Hasil laboratorium
ditemukan peningkatan Laju Endap Darah (LED). Rontgen foto toraks dalam batas normal. Roentgen foto cervical
menunjukkan destruksi setinggi C5. MRI cervical menunjukkan destruksi pada korpus C5-6 dengan penyempitan pada
discus intervertebrae C5-6 disertai dengan  massa/abses paravertebral dengan penekanan ke posterior. MRI Thorakal
tampak destruksi corpus verebre T4,5 dengan diskus intervertebralis yang menyempit. Sugestif suatu spondilitis
tuberkulosa. Pasien dilakukan tindakan pembedahan anterior corpectomi melalui microscopic surgery dengan graft
dari iliac sinistra, serta insersi anterior plate 1 level. Hasil pemeriksaan patologi anatomi menunjukkan spodilitis TBC
kaseosa. Pada spondilitis vertebre T4,5 dilakukan laminectomi, debridement costotrasversektomi, dan stabilisasi
dengan pedicle screw T2, T3, dan T5. Pasien diterapi dengan obat antituberkulosis. Keadaan pasien saat ini, pasien
sudah bisa beraktifitas normal dengan motorik dan sensorik baik. Spondilitis tuberkulosa merupakan bentuk
tuberkulosa tulang yang paling sering dijumpai. Spondilitis tuberkulosa cervical berkisar 2-3% kasus spondilitis
tuberkulosa. Keterlibatan spinal biasanya merupakan akibat dari penyebaran hema
Kata kunci: spondilitis TB, cervical, pembedahan
 
Abstract
Cervical tuberculous spondylitis is a fairly rare disease, only about 2-3% of all cases of tuberculous
spondylitis. The clinical features vary widely, ranging from mild and non-specific symptoms until the fatal neurological
complications. A 29-year-old woman came with a complaint weakness of the four limbs become heavy in the last 10
days, were preceded by neck pain that radiates to the shoulders and arms since 6 months earlier. Pain was initially
perceived as a limitation of neck movement when turned to the left and right side, and bowed his head. Perceived pain
exacerbated by movement and reduced if the rest. Patients lost weight since the last 2 months. Found no history of
cough or chest pain. Neurologic examination showed weakness in four extremities. Laboratory results found increased
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). X-ray radiographic normal. Cervical x-ray photograph shows destruction as
high as C5. MRI shows destruction in the corpus C5-6 with narrowing at C5-6 intervertebre disc  accompanied by
paravertebral abscess with emphasis to the posterior. Found destruction corpus verebre T 4.5 with intervertebral disc
narrowing. Suggestive of a tuberculous spondylitis. At 5.6 C spondylitis vertebre anterior corpectomi following surgery,
microsurgery with iliac graft, and insertion one level anterior plate. Anatomical Pathology examination showed
caseating tuberculosis spodilitis. At T 4.5 vertebre spondylitis done laminectomi, costotrasversektomi debridement, and
stabilization with pedicle screw T2, T3, and T5. Patients also treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Present status,
patient is able to perform daily activity with sensoric and motoric good. Tuberculous Spondylitis is the most common form of tuberculosis that affect the bone. Cervical Tuberculous spondylitis ranges from 2-3% of cases of tuberculous
spondylitis. Spinal involvement is usually the result of hematogenous spread ekstraspinal lesions. Diagnosis is based
on history, clinical and radiological feature. Treatment consists of antituberculosis drug with or without surgical
intervention. The patient treat surgical intervention and anti-tuberculosis drug. Present status, patient is able to perform
daily activity with sensoric and motoric good.
Keywords:spondilitis TB, cervical, Surgery