In Vitro Cytotoxic Study and Detection of Apoptosis on Breast Cancer Cell lines MDA-MB 231 after Exposed to Azadirachta Indica A. Juss (neem) Extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v2i2.125Abstract
Abstrak
Suatu senyawa obat dapat menjadi kemoterapi kanker adalah dengan cara menskrining terlebih dahulu tumbuhan obat yang berpotensi sebagai obat antikanker. Salah satunya adalah tanaman obat daun nimba (Azadirachta indica L.Juss) yang terbukti secara significant menyebabkan apoptosis pada beberapa jenis sel line kanker. Dalam penelitian ini, ekstrak ethanol dari A. indica dipelajari untuk melihat efeknya pada pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara manusia jenis MDA-MB-231 dengan menggunakan tes untuk proliferasi yaitu MTT assai dan untuk mengetahui perubahan morphologi dari apoptosis selnya dengan menggunakan TUNEL assay Ekstrak daun nimba (A. indica) dapat menurunkan keberadaan jumlah sel kanker dengan cara menghambat perkembangan daripada sel tersebut dan menginduksi proses apoptosis pada sel kanker tersebut. Hasil pemeriksaan MTT assai didapatkan nilai IC50 nya adalah 55 ug / mL. Kematian MDA-MB231 sel yang disebabkan oleh ekstrak daun nimba (A.indica) ditemukan melalui mekanisme apoptosis yang secara morfologinya menunjukan ciri ciri dari kematian secara apoptosis seperti kondensasi dari nucleus, membrane nukleus yang melebur dan akhirnya terjadinya fragmentasi dari DNA. Analisis struktur dalaman sel juga mengungkapkan karakteristik apoptosis yaitu marginasi dari kromosom yang disertai dengan fragmentasi DNA dan selanjutnya akan terbentuk badan apoptotik pada sel kanker yang diinkubasi dengan ekstrak tersebut. Pada penelitian ini juga dijumpai peningkatan jumlah sel apoptosis dari hari 1 sampai hari 3 inkubasi oleh ekstrak nimba. Ekstrak ethanol A.indica mungkin mengandung senyawa bioaktif(s) yang menyebabkan kanker payudara MDA-MNB 231 mengalami kematian sel secara apoptosis. Penelitian lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk mengetahui mekanisme tumbuhan ini membunuh sel kanker MDA-MB 231.
Kata kunci: Studi In vitro, Azadirachta indica, apoptosis, TUNEL assay
Abstract
A screening is conducted on plants that have potential as anticancer is a promising way for discovering novel chemotherapeutic compound. A medicinal plant neem leaf (Azadirachta indica L.Juss) intake has been shown to induce significant levels of apoptosis in various cancer cells. In this present study, ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica was studied for its effects on growth in MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells using assays for proliferation (MTT assay) and mechanisme of cell apoptosis using TUNEL assay. Neem leaf extract decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell apoptosis. Result of MTT assay was 55 μg/mL of neem remarkably reduced cell viability of MDA-MB 231 cells. MDA-MB231 cell death elicited by the extract was found to be apoptotic in nature based the indication of nucleus condensation, shrinkage of nucleus membrane and also DNA fragmentation which are a hallmark of apoptosis. In addition, ultrastructural analysis also revealed apoptotic characteristics which are the presence of chromatin margination and apoptotic bodies in the extract-treated cells. There was an increase in the number of apoptotic cells from day 1 to day 3 post incubation with neem extract. Thus, the results from this study strongly suggest that the ethanol extract of A.indica may contain bioactive compound(s) that caused breast carcinoma, MDA-MNB 231 cell death by apoptosis. It’s needed to do advance research to know more deeply the mechanism this plant on breast cancer cell line MDA-MB.
Keywords:In vitro study, Azadirachta indica, apoptosis, TUNEL assay
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