Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2019; 8(4) Gitelman Syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v8i4.1122Abstract
Abstrak
Gitelman syndrome (GS) adalah gangguan tubular ginjal bersifat autosom resesif yang ditandai dengan hipokalemia, alkalosis metabolik, hipomagnesemia dan hipokalsiuria. Gitelman syndrome biasanya muncul pada usia remaja atau dewasa muda namun sering tidak terdiagnosis sampai akhir masa kanak-kanak atau bahkan dewasa Prevalensi GS diperkirakan 1-10 : 40.000. Manifestasi klinis berupa tetani, parestesia, cepat lelah atau kelemahan umum, poliuria, nokturia. Gitelman syndrome yang berat berupa perubahan status mental, kejang fokal, kondrokalsinosis, rabdomiolisis, kelemahan dan aritmia ventrikuler. Telah dilaporkan pasien wanita 23 tahun dengan keluhan utama penurunan kesadaran, disertai kelemahan ekstremitas, poliuria, dan sesak nafas. Pada pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan pasien tampak mengantuk,kekuatan motorik keempat ekstremitas menurun. Pada pemeriksaan penunjang didapatkan kadar kalium 1,3 mmol/l, magnesium 1,8 mg/dl, kalsium urin 86,3 mg/24 jam serta analisis gas darah dengan kesan asidosis respiratorik dengan gagal napas tipe II. Setelah kondisi pasien stabil didapatkan hasil analisis gas darah alkalosis metabolik. Terapi pada pasien adalah terapi substitusi dengan pemberian kalium intravena.
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