Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Striktur Esofagus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v3i2.103Abstract
Abstrak
Latar belakang : Kasus striktur esofagus jarang ditemukan, namun kasus ini memerlukan penanganan yang optimal. Sebelum kita melakukan penatalaksanaan terhadap striktur esofagus, perlu dilakukan diagnosis yang akurat agar dapat memilih teknik penatalaksanaan yang tepat. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui cara mendiagnosis dan penatalaksanaan striktur esofagus. Tinjauan pustaka : Striktur esofagus merupakan penyempitan lumen esofagus yang dapat menyebabkan keluhan disfagia. Berdasarkan etiologinya, striktur esofagus dibedakan menjadi striktur esofagus benigna dan maligna. Striktur esofagus benigna disebabkan oleh GERD, zat korosif, web, radiasi, post anastomosis esofagus, sedangkan striktur esofagus maligna disebabkan oleh keganasan baik dari dalam maupun dari luar esofagus. Diagnosis suatu striktur esofagus dapat ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan barium meal, esofagoskopi, tomografi komputer dan rontgen toraks. Penatalaksanaan kasus striktur ini dapat berupa dilatasi dengan busi atau balon, pemasangan stent dan terapi pembedahan. Pada kasus striktur esofagus maligna juga dapat dilakukan terapi laser dan teknik brakiterapi. Kesimpulan: diagnosis yang akurat perlu dilakukan sebelum memilih teknik penatalaksanaan yang tepat, sehingga dapat mengurangi keluhan disfagia pada penderita striktur esofagus.
Kata kunci: Striktur esofagus, barium meal, esofagoskopi, dilatasi, stent, laser, brakiterapi
Abstract
Background: Esophageal stricture is rare cases, but these cases required optimal management. Before we manage of esophageal strictures, need an accurate diagnosis in order to choose appropriate management techniques. Purpose: to know how to diagnose and management of esophageal strictures. Literature review: esophageal stricture is a narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus that cause dysphagia. Based on the etiology, esophageal strictures can be divided into benign and malignant. Benign esophageal strictures caused by GERD, corrosive substances, web, radiation, post-esophageal anastomosis, whereas malignant esophageal strictures caused by esophageal malignancy from inside or from outside of the esophagus. The diagnosis of esophageal stricture can be enforced through barium meal examination, esophagoscopy, computer tomography and thorax X-ray. Management of these strictures can be managed by the bougie or balloon dilatation, stent insertion and surgical technique. Malignant esophageal strictures can also be treated by laser therapy and brachytherapy techniques. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis needs to be done before choosing the right management techniques that will reduce the complaints of dysphagia in patients with esophageal strictures.
Keywords: esophageal strictures, barium meal, esophagoscopy, dilatation, stents, laser, brachytherapy
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