Karakteristik Klinis dan Patologis Karsinoma Nasofaring di Bagian THT-KL RSUP Dr.M.Djamil Padang

Abstract

Abstrak

Karsinoma nasofaring banyak terjadi di Cina dan Asia Tenggara, termasuk di Indonesia, sering didiagnosis pada keadaan lanjut dan memiliki prognosis yang buruk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi epidemiologi, karakteristik klinis, dan tipe histopatologi pada pasien karsinoma nasofaring di Bagian THT-KL. Metodologi penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan data rekam medik di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang selama Juni 2010 sampai Juli 2013 dan data hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi sebagai konfirmasi.  Didapatkan sebanyak 44 kasus yang lengkap pada periode tersebut, yang mana 52,27% penderita adalah laki-laki dan 47,22% perempuan, perbandingan laki-laki dan perempuan adalah 1,2 : 1. Sebaran umur penderita dari 17 sampai 75 tahun dengan insiden puncak pada umur 41- 65 tahun. Gejala klinis terdiri atas massa di leher 93,17%, diikuti dengan obstruksi nasal 79,55%, dan gangguan pendengaran 79,55% sedangkan tanda klinis terdiri atas pembesaran kelenjar getah bening leher 90,91%, diikuti dengan tuli 79,55%, cranial nerve palsy  dan perluasan kelenjar getah bening ke fossa supraklavikula masing-masing 15,8%. Sebagian besar pasien berada pada stadium IV 83,16%, dengan derajat tumor terbanyak T4N2M0 15,91%. Tipe histopatologi yang terbanyak adalah nonkeratinizing carcinoma, undifferentiated type 75%, diikuti keratinizing SCC 13,64%, dan nonkeratinizing carcinoma - differentiated type 11,36%.

Kata kunci: karsinoma nasofaring, karakteristik klinis, histopatologi, padang

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma  is more frequent in China and Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, commonly with advance stages at diagnosis and has a poor prognosis.  The objective of this study was to evaluate epidemiology, clinical characteristic and histopathology types of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.This is a descriptive study that used data from medical record of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital in Padang during June 2010 to July 2013 and histopathology examination as confirmation. The result demonstrated 44 cases found on that period, of which 52,27% was male and 47,72% was female, hence the male and female ratio was 1,2 : 1.  The age-range from 17 to 75 years old with incidence peak between 41 - 65 years old. Clinical symptoms were neck mass 93,17%, followed by nasal obstruction 79,55 %, and audiological complaints 79,55% while clinical sign were cervical lymphadenopathy 90,91%, followed by hearing loss 79,55%, cranial nerve palsy and lymphadenopathy metastases to fossa supraclavicular each subject 15,8%. Most of patients were classified as stage IV 83,16%, with T4N2M0 15,91%.  The histopathology type were nonkeratinizing carcinoma, undifferentiated type had percentage 75%, followed by keratinizing SCC 13,64%, and nonkeratinizing carcinoma - differentiated type 11,36%.

Keywords: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, clinical characteristic, histopathology types, padang