Korelasi Kadar Hemoglobin dengan Kadar Nitric Oxide pada Preeklamsia dan Kehamilan Normal

Abstract

Abstrak
Aktivasi sel endotel atau disfungsi endotel menjadi faktor utama patogenesis preeklamsia. Mekanisme ini ditandai dengan penurunan ketersedian Nitric Oxide (NO). Disfungsi endotel pada hipertensi diperkirakan berkaitan dengan konsentrasi hemoglobin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan korelasi kadar hemoglobin dengan kadar
NO pada preeklamsia dan kehamilan normal. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik cross sectional, dilaksanakan di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dan RST Reksodiwiryo Padang dari 13 Mei sampai13 Juli 2014. Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dilakukan di laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dan kadar NO di laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran UNAND Padang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang datang ke RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dan RST Reksodiwiryo Padang. Sampel dipilih secara consecutive sampling jumlah sampel 17 orang kehamilan preeklamsia dan 18 kehamilan normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada preeklamsia kadar hemoglobin 12,39 ± 2,10gr/dl dan NO 29,88 ± 9,47µmol, sedangkan pada kehamilan normal 11,18 ± 0,98gr/dl dan NO 84,22 ± 54,26 µmol. Uji statistik menunjukkan ada korelasi positif yang bermakna (p = 0,02) antara kadar hemoglobin dan kadar NO pada preeklamsia. Tidah ada korelasi antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kadar NO pada kehamilan normal (p = 0,52). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah peningkatan kadar hemoglobin cenderung meningkatkan kadar NO pada preeklamsia dan peningkatan kadar hemoglobin tidak mempengaruhi kadar NO pada kehamilan normal.
Kata kunci:  hemoglobin, nitric oxide, preeklamsia, kehamilan normal

Abstract
Endothelial cell activation or dysfunction becomes a major factor pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This mechanism is characterized by the decrease of Nitric Oxide (NO) level. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension is related to haemoglobin concentration, especially its role in vascular function. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between haemoglobin level and NO level in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. In this study, cross-sectional analytic design was used to determine relationship between haemoglobin and NO levels. This
research was conducted in the clinic, emergency room, and delivery room of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang and Reksodiwiryo Hospital in Padang from 13 th  May to 13 th  July 2014.  Haemoglobin levels were tested in clinical pathology laboratory of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital and NO levels were tested in biomedical laboratory of Medicine faculty of
Andalas University. In this study, 17 preeclampsia pregnancies and 18 normal pregnancies were taken into samples in the hospitals, where the sample numbers were determined by using consecutive sampling method. The results show that in preeclampsia haemoglobin level is 12.39 ± 2.10g/dl and NO level is 29.88 ± 9.47 µmol, while in normal
pregnancy, haemoglobin level is 11.18 ± 0.98g/dl and NO is 84.22 ± 54.26µmol respectively. Statistically there is positive significant correlation between haemoglobin level to NO level in preeclampsia (p = 0.02). There is no correlation between haemoglobin level to NO level in normal pregnancy (p = 0.52).  It can be concluded that haemoglobin level is inversely related to nitric oxide level in preeclampsia group. In normal pregnancy group, haemoglobin level is not associated to nitric oxide level.
Keywords:  haemoglobin, nitric oxide, preeclampsia, normal pregnancy