Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Status Gizi Anak Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo Padang

Abstract

Abstrak
Status gizi anak balita salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh faktor kondisi sosial ekonomi, antara lain pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anak, pengetahuan dan pola asuh ibu serta kondisi ekonomi orang tua secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga terhadap status gizi anak balita. Penelitian ini adalah survei analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel 227 orang yang terdiri dari anak balita dan ibu balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo Padang. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang telah diisi oleh ibu balita yang kemudian di analisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat didapatkan pendidikan ibu (p=0,022), pekerjaan ibu (p=0,000), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,012), jumlah anak (p=0,008) dan pola asuh ibu (p=0,000). Sementara dari analisis multivariat didapatkan pendidikan ibu (p=0,004; OR=2,594; CI95%=1,356-4,963), pekerjaan ibu (p=0,000; OR=74,769; CI95%=24,141-231,577), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,013; OR=3,058; CI95%=1,246-7,4) dan pola asuh ibu (p=0,000; OR=15,862; CI95%=5,973-42,128). Analisis bivariat menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, jumlah anak dan pola asuh ibu dengan status gizi anak balita. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat faktor pekerjaan ibu merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan status gizi anak balita.
Kata kunci: status gizi, anak balita, faktor sosial ekonomi

Abstract
Nutritional status of children under five years has affected by a political and socio-economic condition factors, among others, maternal education, maternal occupation, number of children, maternal knowledge and parenting also parents' economic conditions as a whole. This research is conduct to determine whether there is a relationship between the socio-economic conditions of families on the nutritional status of children under five.This research is a analytic survey using a cross sectional study design with the number of samples are 227 people consisting of children under five and the mothers in the working areas Puskesmas Nanggalo Padang. Data were collected through questionnaires which is completed by mothers whose later been analyzed in bivariate and multivariateBased on bivariate analysis we can get the maternal education (p = 0.022), maternal occupation (p = 0.000), household income (p = 0.012), number of children (p = 0.008) and maternal parenting (p = 0.000). While the multivariate analysis obtained from the maternal education (p = 0.004; OR = 2.594; CI95% = 1.356 to 4.963), maternal occupation (p = 0.000; OR = 74.769; CI95% = 24.141 to 231.577), household income (p = 0.013; OR = 3.058; CI95% = 1.246 to 7.4) and maternal parenting (p = 0.000; OR = 15.862; CI95% = 5.973 to 42.128).Bivariate analysis showed that there is a relationship between maternal education, maternal occupation, family income, number of children and parenting mothers with a nutritional status of children under five. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis, maternal occupation is the most associated factor with nutritional status of children under five.
Keywords: Nutritional Status, Children Under Five, Socio-economic Factor